6th Ch. 2nd

                                 

Ex. 4

a)    BASIC: Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code

b)    PROLOG: PROgramming LOGic

c)    COBOL: Common Business Oriented Language

d)    FORTRAN: FORmula TRANslation

e)    HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language

f)     Oop: Object oriented programming

Ex.5

a.    What is a program?

Ans: A program is a set of instruction given to a computer to get a particular task done.

b.    What is a computer language?

Ans: A computer language is a special language understood by the computer. It consists of a set of words, symbols and codes that is used to write a computer program.

c.    Who are programmer and what is their work?

Ans: The people who can write programs are called programmers. The work of programmer is writing the programs (source program).

d.    What do you mean by source program?

Ans: Low-Level and High-Level Languages program is known as source program which must be translated into machine language before the computer can understand it.

e.    What is the role of Assembler?

Ans: An Assembler is a program to translate assembly language into machine language so that the computer can understand it.

f.     What is a language processor?

Ans: A language processor is a software that converts source program into machine language because a computer does not understand the program written in HLL or assembly language; it understands only machine language.

Ex. 6

a.    How will you classify programming languages?

Ans: Programming languages are classified into two major categories:

1. Low Level Language (LLL)

(i)     Machine Language   (ii) Assembly Language

2. High Level Language (HLL)

(i) Procedural Language (ii) Non-procedural Language (iii) Natural Language

b.    Differentiate between Procedural and Non-procedural programming language?

Ans: A procedural language is also called a third-generation language (3GL). In this language, the programmer writes instructions that tell the computer what to accomplish and how to do it.

e.g of 3GL are C, BASIC, PASCAL and FORTRAN.

A non-procedural language is also called fourth-generation language (4GL). In this language, the programmer only specifies what the program should accomplish without explaining.

e.g. of 4GL are Visual Basic, Oracle, JAVA etc.

c.    How is Machine Language different form Assembly Language?

Ans: A machine language, also called first-generation language, is a language directly understood by a computer without any translation. It refers to 0s and 1s that a computer can understand as instructions.

Assembly language, also called second-generation language, is also a low-level programming language. An assembly language uses letters and symbols instead of using numbers (1s and 0s).

 

d.    Differentiate between compiler and interpreter?

Ans: COMPILER: A compiler converts HLL program into machine language. It converts the entire HLL program into machine language at once and also displays errors for the whole program together.

INTERPRETER: Interpreter also converts HLL into machine language. It converts one line of program at a time. It also displays the error one line at a time and goes to the next line only after correction of that error.